國際失能者家庭照顧現況與支持策略

The International Disables Care Current Status and Supportive Policy

臺灣自2018年65歲以上人口比例超過14%，已進入高齡社會，為全球人口老化相當快速的國家之一，為因應長者人口增加帶來的照顧衝擊，許多關心失能者照顧的議題因應而生。無償的家庭照顧者往往隱藏在社會角落中，承擔相當程度的照顧壓力。這些照顧者究竟現況如何？國際上對照顧者議題有何具體行動方案？本文透過國際文獻整理，歸納目前國際上先進國家照顧者現況四大面向：自我照顧能力、健康照顧、生活型態及照顧者支持系統，並試分析國際六大議題照顧者具體實踐策略：照顧專法、照顧者財務支持、照顧者工作安排、退休金安排、照顧者喘息服務、資訊與培訓服務等。透過其他先進國家策略作為，提供國人未來照顧者議題相關政策與實踐行動參考。

The proportion of elderly in Taiwan has been more than 14% since 2018. Taiwan has entered the elderly society and is one of the rapid ageing countries in the world. In order to response the care impact of the increasing elderly people, many topics about care for the disabled have been concerned. Unpaid family caregivers hide in the corners of society and take the responsibility of care. What are the current statuses of these caregivers and what are the specific action plans for the caregiver topic internationally? According the international literature review, four major aspects are summarized for the current state of caregivers in the developed counties: self-care ability, health care, lifestyle and caregiver support system. Six specific caregiver practical strategies are launched from different countries: care service law, caregiver financial support, caregiver work arrangements, pension arrangements, caregiver wheezing services, information and training services. These caregivers strategies in the different developed countries could be adopt to make the policy of for the caregivers in the future of Taiwan.