论儿童国家认同感的形成

On the Children’s Acquisition of A National Identity

爱国主义教育，是学校思想政治教育的核心内容。爱国主义教育的效果还不尽人意，有一个主要原因是人们对于教育对象的心理发展水平和规律还认识不够，爱国主义教育的内容和方法与青少年学生特别是小学生的心理特点不相吻合。因此，必须加强对学生心理特点的研究。否则，就难以做到爱国主义教育[生动活泼、入情入理、入心入脑]。本文的目的，就是对青少年爱国主义教育的心理基础即儿童的国家认同感进行初步分析。

National identity is a complex system which has two subsystems both containing many different components. The cognitive system of national identity includes the knowledge of the existence of the national group， national territory， national emblems， categorazation of the self as a member of the national group， and beliefs about the typical characienstics of the national group， the self in relationship to the national group. The affective system of national identity involves subjective salience of the national identity， degree of attachment to the national identity， sense of belonging to the national group， social emotions of national pride， national shame， national embarrassment and national self-esteem. Based on the social representation theory and social identity， the growth and development of national identity in childhood are revealed clearly.