教導高中生「歷史思考」學習的重要性及可行性探討

Discussion on the Importance and Feasibility of Teaching Senior High School Students Historical Thinking in Taiwan Educational Context

十二年國民基本教育重視「素養」的學習，在歷史課程中可以透過「歷史思考」的學習加以實踐。臺灣的高中歷史課程關注「歷史思考」已有多年，但十二年國民基本教育才在課程結構上首度提供了具體的實踐機會。推動歷史思考的教學依然需要涵蓋歷史事實，毋須二分切割，但著重歷史思考，更能落實民主社會的理想，培育良好的人與公民。高中生的認知心智發展已經達到形式運思階段，因此學習歷史思考是沒有問題的，真正的挑戰在於教師如何提供適切可行的課程設計，關鍵即在於通盤衡量十二年國民基本教育歷史課程的學分數和學習重點，才有可能讓歷史思考的學習目標實現。

The twelve-year basic education launched in 2019 centers on forging students’ literacy and competencies can be developed and harnessed with the teaching of historical thinking. Historical thinking has long been envisioned in history learning in senior high schools, but the twelve-year curriculum framework makes the implementation of teaching senior high school students historical thinking become something possible and practical. Only when our youngsters are educated with historical thinking together with historical facts can they be shaped into citizens with humanities. The challenge of teaching historical thinking, however, lies not in senior high school students’ cognitive development when they already reach the stage of formal operational, but instead in how history teachers do their curriculum designs. Every curriculum needs to be reviewed, implemented and evaluated. Once the hours of history classes and students’ learning outcomes are addressed in making curriculum mapping complying with the twelve-year curriculum framework, the success of the implementation of historical thinking in history classes can be foreseen in nowaday Taiwan educational context.