全人－是該改變的時候了：南方作家筆下的身心障礙角色

The Whole Man- Time to Change: The Southern Writers' Uses for the Impaired

一些著名的美國南方作家筆下之身心障礙一詞代表的不僅僅是字面上的意義，而是經常用來作為傳達直接或間接式象徵性的表述。作家們運用強烈鮮明的對比手法呈現人與人之間的差異，讓讀者不得不正視可能因為沒有查覺、忽略其重要性或是由於文化冷漠而變得盲目的這些差異性。本文藉由簡要檢視福克納、麥卡勒斯與奧康諾等三位南方作家的部份著作及對身心障礙詞類研究之參考文獻，探討此一障礙的修辭技巧的用法與目的，以及可能為其根本作用的「道德勸說」。這樣的道德寓意似乎是在呼籲改變，召喚著這些作家眼裡多數「正常人」所欠缺的「全人」；然而，以全人為主旨的概念並不單純只指文中具有障礙的人物角色，同時也泛指著其他人。描述身心障礙此修辭技巧可能隱含的道德勸說，不論是否為刻意的手法，本文主張此為現代南方作家號召社會以及所有組成的個體進行確實的改變。

Physical and mental impairments are more than just common in the works of noted southern American writers; they are a much used symbolic tool for making subtle or even overt statements. They show differences between people in stark and bold ways that demands that readers acknowledge those differences that they might not be aware of, ignore as not vital, or that they have become blind to through cultural apathy. By examining briefly a small selection of the works of three southern writers, William Faulkner, Carson McCullers, and Flannery O’Connor, this paper presents a look at some uses and partial purposes of this literary device of impairment and the "moral lesson" that may be at the base of its use, at least in regard to these three artists with discourse analysis and disability studies as helpful references. This morality seems to call for change, for a "wholeness" of person that is lacking, apparently in the view of these authors, in most "normal" people; this concept of wholeness being central to what is lacking, again, not only in those characters who are impaired but in others. The possible moral use of the literary device of the depiction of impairment, whether intentional or not, is argued, herein, as a call by these modernist southern authors for serious change in society and the individuals that make it up.