现代教育管理学的范式及其危机

The Paradigm of Modern Educational Administration and its Crisis

范式是科学共同体共享的价值、信念和技术的有序结构，是科学理论得以建构的路径和方式。现代教育管理学诞生之初，应对20 世纪初大工业时代对教育发展的要求，移植了现代管理学的研究范式。以实用主义和功利主义为价值基础，用经济活动的规律指导教育管理实践，采用理性人假设，将利益驱动作为人与人互动的基本模式，以此作为现代教育管理学理论的发展路径。由于教育的去功利化发展，现代教育管理学范式中固有的教育活动与经济活动的内在矛盾得以发展，技术架构与价值实践的矛盾凸显，现代教育管理学遭遇了理论发展和实践应用的双重危机。

Paradigm is an ordered structure of value, belief and techniques shared by the members of science community. It provides the path and approach for the development of scientific theory. At the beginning of the 20th century when the Modern Educational Administration emerged, the paradigm of modern management was introduced to modern educational administration, responding to the demand of industry era for educational development. It takes pragmatism and utilitarianism as value basis and patterns of economic activities as guidance of educational administration practice, uses the hypothesis of rational man and makes the interest-driven interaction between people the basic mode, which was considered as the developmental path of modern educational administration theories. Because of the de-utilization of education, the inherent contradictions in the educational and economic activities are aroused in the paradigm of modern educational administration and the contradiction between technological construction and value practice becomes salient, which leads to the dual crisis in both the theoretical development and practice of Modern Educational Administration.