基于GOMS 模型的科学发现学习认知任务分析

GOMS Based Cognitive Task Analysis for Scientific Discovery Learning

文章首先将科学发现学习的认知要素划分为实际系统和科学理论模型，以及实验空间和假设空间。然后，运用GOMS模型对科学发现学习进行认知任务分析，将其分解为理解问题、探究局部模型、合成全局模型和反思评价四个子目标，详细分析了其中的基本操作与方法，以及在此过程中学生的工作记忆和长时记忆是如何发展变化的。由此建立的认知模型为基于计算机的科学发现学习环境的设计奠定了必要的理论基础。

This paper points out the cognitive elements of scientific discovery learning include two aspects: one is real system and scientific theoretical model, the others are hypothesis space and experiment space which are the formers’ mapping in the subjective world of students. Then, using GOMS model, scientific discovery learning is divided into understanding problem, exploring partial model, synthesize complete model and reflection four sub-goals, and the methods and operations in these sub-goals and the content in working memory and long-term memory is analyzed. The cognitive model built in this paper provides theoretical basis for the design of computer-based scientific discovery learning.