美国K-12网络教育发展的特征及启示

Characteristics and Inspirations of K-12 Online Education Development in America

美国非常重视网络教育为K-12教育长远发展带来的机遇，将K-12网络教育的发展视作变革学生学习方式、推动K-12教育深度变革的重要途径，并从制度保障、师资建设、资金投入等多方面为K-12网络教育的发展提供全方位的系统支持。该文主要分析美国K-12网络教育发展的特征，包括发展目标的统合性、发展路径的多元性、发展过程的规范性以及发展支持的系统性。在此基础上探讨其对我国基础教育领域网络教育发展的启示，包括在意识层面要转变认识并明确网络教育在基础教育领域的作用指向；在规划层面要系统分析基础教育领域网络教育发展的应然、实然与必然状态；在实践层面注重支持力量的整合且强调实效。

Online education is highlighted as a significant approach to learning transformation and educational innovation in the field of K-12 education， which is expected to bring more chances for the long-term development of K-12 education in the US. Correspondingly， systematic supports have been integrated to promote the development of K-12 online education， like policy endorsement， teacher education， and funding support etc. This study focuses on the characteristics analysis of the development of America K-12 online education， including the integration of development objectives， the diversity of development approaches， the criterion of development process， and the systematization of development supports. Suggestions for the development of online education in the field of basic education in China are proposed as following: transforming understanding and recognizing the essential function of online education in the field of basic education on the awareness layer; systematically analyzing the required， actual， and compulsory statuses of online education in China basic education on the planning layer; and valuing the integration of various supports and emphasizing efficacy on the practical layer.