從楚莊王看《公羊傳》的「夷夏之辨」

On Biography Gongyang's Debate of the Civilized and Uncivilized sides of King Zhuang of Chu

楚莊王是《春秋》中的重要人物之一，在經文中有23次記錄了其活動。「春秋三傳」對經文書寫的解釋各有側重，其中《公羊傳》最注重圍發微言大義。圍繞楚莊王會盟殺陳夏徵舒，人陳並復陳，之戰，宋及與宋平幾個事件，《公羊傳》在分析詮釋經文關於楚莊王「夷夏」轉變的書寫異辭時，提出了「夷夏之辨」的觀念。即在處理我族與他族的問題上採取夷夏有別的華夏中心主義立場，但這一分別除種族、區域外，更以文明的高下即是否合於禮義為依據，也就含有了強調其靈活性的「夷夏之變」。 King Zhuang of Chu was one of the most important figures in the “Chun Qiu” scripture, in which 23 times of his activities were recorded. “Three Explanatory Works of Chun Qiu” had different interpretations of scripture writing about King Zhuang. Among them, Biography Gongyang paid most attention to illustrate the Confucius' “Chun Qiu Righteousness” causes. According to the recordings of several historical events, for example, King Zhuang's organized military alliance to kill “Xia Zhengshu”, a rebellious cabinet minister of the “Chen” Kingdom, to invade the “Chen” kingdom, to engage in the battle of “Bi,” and to encircle to subdue the “Song” kingdom for the purpose to restore past ruling orders. Biography Gongyang analyzed and interpreted different words in scripture about the transformation of King Zhuang of Chu from the uncivilized to become the civilized and put forward the ideal of “the Debate of the Civilized and the Uncivilized (Yi-Xia).” That was to say, in dealing with the problem of tribal difference, the Huaxia centralism was adopted to handle the ethnic problem of differences in Ancient China. But these differences, apart from race and region, were also based on the superior degree of civilization according to rituals and righteousness with flexible explanation on the Civilized and Uncivilized countries.