大學生的心理健康危機與危機介入之探究：以一所綜合大學諮商中心為例

A Study of Mental Health Crisis and Crisis Intervention for College Students in a University Counseling Center

近年來許多研究指出大學生的心理問題越趨複雜化與嚴重化，除常見的心理社會發展議題外，大學生亦容易因精神疾病發作、自傷或自殺行為等心理健康問題影響學生和校園的安全，並考驗諮商中心的危機處遇能力。本文目的是探究大學諮商中心學生心理健康危機介入工作模式，和危機類型、介入策略與結果。透過回溯國內某一所綜合大學諮商中心於連續兩個學年度（2009年9月至2011年8月）期間所進行例行性的82場中心會議記錄與危機個案處遇臨床日誌之檔案資料進行內容分析，結果發現該校諮商中心訂定明確的危機介入工作模式，包括定義危機個案、危機處遇流程與策略、及危機解除結案條件。兩學年間，有52位學生被列為危機個案，危機類型依序是急性壓力反應、自傷自殺意念、自傷自殺行為、精神疾病發作、暴力事件、騷擾事件等，介入結果是無學生因為危機事件而死亡或使校園失序。可知，諮商中心需建立一明確的大學生心理健康危機介入工作模式以適時發揮「化危為安」的功效，建議後續應發展跨校性大學生心理健康與危機介入的研究。

Research indicates that college students' mental health problems become more complex and severe over time as university life is associated with a host of new stressors. For those students suffering from the onset of mental illness, self-harm, or suicide, a crisis intervention is needed. The objective of this study was to investigate a crisis intervention working model in a unversity counseling center. The data consisted of 82 team meeting records and clinical diaries of crisis intervention from counseling center over two academic years (September 2009-August 2010) that were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The crisis intervention working model included a defined crisis types, crisis intervention drills and strategies, and defined termination conditions. During these two years, 52 students identified as crisis clients through presentation of acute stress reactions, suicidal ideations, suicide attempts and behaviors, and onsets of mental illness, as well as being identified as victims of violence or, harassments. No one died as a result of these crisis events. The results suggest that counseling centers should build a clear crisis intervention working model to help clients overcome a crisis. In the future, more cross-institutional studies are needed to investigate the mental issues of college students and the effectiveness of crisis interventions.