我国特殊教育政策变迁的历史演进与路径依赖—基于历史制度主义分析范式

The Historical Evolution and Path Dependence of the Development of China’s Special Education Policies:Based on Historical Institutionalism Paradigm

This paper analyzes the development course and text content ol the special education policies from 1949 to 2016 by following the historical institutionalism paradigm，and points out that the process of the policy evolution can be divided into three stages with institutional changes: progressive (1949-1978)， radicality (1979-2009) and breakdown (2010-2016). Influenced by the deep structural lactors such as the conditions ol social and economic development，the state governance and the social policy，the development ol these three stages ol special education policies has shown characteristics ol being marginalized-stagna-tion， recovery-development and promotion-transformation respectively. Being path-dependent at different stages of its development， its core driving force has been the government leading and administrative support. Since the reform and opening up， along with the globalization， democratization and deepening reform and other factors， its rapid development also benetited from international organizations， domestic organizations for disabled people， scholars and the public policy advocacy and policy participation. Since 2010， the construction of modern special education system with Chinese characteristics has been included in the substantive policy and practice agenda， and has gained important development path and motivation in the background of deepening reform in the fields of education and social welfare in China.