政府、市场和大学在高等教育资源配置中的角力——西方近十年文献中有关实践内容的述评

Strategic Game between Government, Market and University around Funding and Resource Allocation in Higher Education: A Commentary on the Recent Western Practice

Government， university， and market are not only mutually supportive but also ‘competing’with each other， which is best exemplified in high education funding and resource allocation. Based on a systematic review of the literature on funding and resource allocation in higher education in developed countries， we have captured three patterns. First， universities in developed countries seem to have stopped fully relying on government funding and started to face the market competition and become more market-oriented， which not only increases the students' financial responsibilities， but also redefines the purpose of higher education. Second， performance-based funding system has been widely adopted to mediate the tension between university autonomy and accountability， however， due to complex factors， the system is inherently fraught with a number of limitations. Third， as part of the approach to the new round of international competition， developed countries have taken measures such as internationalization of universities， reinforcement of philanthropic endowment， and innovation of funding system which is more oriented toward the demand side (student).