俄罗斯公立高等教育经费多元化改革实践

Research on Diversified Funding Practice in Russian Public Higher Education

苏联高等教育经费模式被学者普遍认为是纯粹的由国家包办的官僚控制模式的典型代表。苏联解体以后的二十年来，由于经费的急剧短缺，俄罗斯高等教育领域进行了经费多元化改革。联邦政府的市场方式拨款、地方政府加大的成本分担、学生学费的缴纳、高等学校的企业性活动以及国内外社会的捐赠资助成为俄罗斯高等教育经费的多种来源。

The funding system of higher education in Soviet Union had been considered as a typical pure bureaucrat-controlled model. As far as its successor, Russia is concerned, because of dramatic shortage of revenue a profound reform of diversified funding has been taken up in its public higher education for nearly 20 years. Funds have been raised from multiple channels market-formed appropriation from federal central government, expanded cost-sharing from local governments, tuition paying from students, entrepreneurial activities from higher institutions, donation and subsidization from domestic and external communities.