英格兰与苏格兰基础教育新课改比较

Comparative Study of English and Scottish New Curriculum Reforms of Basic Education

２１世纪英格兰与苏格兰基础教育新课改差异鲜明。在课改决策导向上，英格兰政府强调提高学业标准，激发优等生潜力，提高竞争力；苏格兰政府关注教育公平问题，强调关怀弱势学生，减小差距。在课改模式上，英格兰频繁启动变革、从局部关注走向整体筹划，强调中央控制；苏格兰课改整体设计、前后一贯、分段推进，赋予地方和学校以变通权。在课程取向上，英格兰课改强调核心学术知识的学习；苏格兰课改关注学生学习、生活与工作技能的培养。在学业评价改革上，英格兰政府强调学校外部评估，最大化考试比例，提高考试难度，重建信誉；苏格兰政府重视学校内部评价，减少考试次数和科目内容，丰富评价指标，以评价促进学生发展。

The English and Scottish curriculum reforms in the 21st century are displaying a range of obvious difference . In the respect of policy decision， English government emphasizes improving academic standard，and stretching the more able pupils to compete with the world's best. Scottish government focu- ses on the issue of equality and pays great attention to the less able or disadvantaged pupils to narrow the gap. In respect of the curriculum reform mode，in England，the curriculum reforms are frequently initia- ted， lirst focusing on parts and then on holistic plan， and emphasizing on central government?s control. In Scotland，the Curriculum for Excellence is designed holistically and coherently，and is being implemented stage by stage， and gives the local authorities and schools the right of adaptation . As far as the orientation of curriculum is concerned，the English national curriculum is knowledge orientated， and the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence stresses skills for learning，life and work. When the assessment is concerned，the English reform stresses external accountability， maximizing the percentage of exams， and improving the difliculty to rebuild credibility. The Scottish reform emphasizes internal assessment，decreases the number of external exams and the number of exam subjects， and enriches school benchmarking in order to promote students? development through evaluation.