華裔與非華裔華語初學者聽力策略使用初探

A Preliminary Investigation of Listening Strategies Used by Heritage and Non-heritage Chinese Language Learners at the Beginner's Level

本研究運用即時追述法考察華語學習者在聽力理解中的策略使用，旨在回答兩個問題：1)華語學習者在聽力理解中使用哪些策略？2)華裔和非華裔學生對策略的使用有什麼不同？研究表明，受試者使用的元認知策略遠遠低於認知策略。進一步細分策略類型後，我們發現受試者使用最多的三個策略依次是是翻譯策略、聯想發揮策略和問題識別策略。本研究中的華裔和非華裔學生在使用聽力策略上存在著相似性：他們對元認知策略的使用都遠遠低於對認知策略的使用；他們使用問題識別策略比較接近，他們也都較多地使用了翻譯策略。華裔和非華裔受試者在使用聽力策略上也存在著不同，主要是華裔受試者使用的策略類型多於非華裔受試者使用的策略類型；華裔受試者比非華裔受試者更多地使用了計畫策略，而非華裔受試者比華裔受試者更多地依賴他們的背景知識使用了聯想發揮策略。

This study investigates the strategies that learners of Chinese use in listening comprehension, and the differences in the use of the strategies between heritage and non-heritage language learners. The results reveal that the subjects used cognitive strategies a lot more often than the metacognitive strategies. The most frequently used strategies are translation, elaboration and problem identification. Heritage and non-heritage subjects displayed some similarities in the use of the strategies: both groups used cognitive strategies more often than metacognitive strategies. They used problem identification and translation strategies to a similar extent. They also showed difference in the use of the strategies: Heritage subjects used more types of strategies than non-heritage subjects; Heritage subjects used the planning strategy more often, whereas non-heritage subjects relied more on the elaboration strategy.