应用逻辑的制度化:国家工业化与高等教育结构调整

Institutionalization of Applied Logic： National Industrialization and Structural Adjustment of Higher Education

中国作为后发外生型发展中国家，国家工业化与高等教育结构调整之间存在阶段性关联。中国高 等教育结构也先后经历了 1952年院系调整、20世纪90年代高等教育大众化以及21世纪现代大学体系建设三 次重大历史性变革。影响我国高等教育结构调整政策变迁的深层结构包括计划经济体制、集权管理模式与社 会本位的文化模式。国家工业化驱动下的高等教育结构调整呈现出较强的路径依赖特征，表现出强劲的“政经 关联逻辑”。“国家的视角”促使我国高等教育结构调整往往在短期内适应经济社会发展的需求，却也不可避免 地产生了一系列“意外后果”，甚至滋生了高等教育的系统性风险。亟待通过高等教育管理体制改革、教育领域 综合改革以及公立高校法人治理结构完善等举措，重构中国高等教育结构调整政策变迁的制度逻辑。建构学 科逻辑与应用逻辑相对平衡与包容发展的高等教育系统，促进国家工业化与髙等教育结构的松散耦合。

As a late， extrinsic developing country， China is characterized by an interim connection between national industrialization and structural adjustment of higher education. Structural adjustment of higher education in China has experienced three major historic changes： college and department adjustment in 1952， popularization of higher education in the 1990s? and construction of modern university education in the 21st century* These changes have been influenced by the planned economic system ^ centralized governance mode，and social standard. The structural adjustment of higher education driven by national industrialization exhibits an obvious pattern of path dependence： a strong correlation between politics and economy* A national perspective enables structural adjustment of higher education to meet the demands of economic and social development in the short term， but also creates a series of unintended consequences in the long term and increases the systematic risk of higher education* A reform of the educational management system is in great need We can rebuild the institution logic of structural adjustment of higher education and its policy changes through comprehensive reforms and improvement of the corporate governance structure in education* We should construct a higher education system that balances discipline logic and applied logic and promotes a loosely coupled relationship between national industrialization and structural adjustment of higher education.