齐克瑞的大学生自我同一性发展理论研究

A Study on Arthur W. Chickering's Theory of Identity Development of College Student

齐克瑞的大学生自我同一性发展理论是美国大学生发展理论的重要基础理论之一。该理论主要包括三方面的内容：其一，大学教育的目的是帮助个体形成一种坚固的自我意识和内在的掌控感与归属感。其二，大学生发展包含发展能力、管理情绪、从独立自主到相依共存、发展成熟的人际关系、自我同一性的确立、培养目的感和塑造品格七个向量。这七个向量以“自我同一性的确立”为核心，具有相互促进的关系。其三，院校目标、院校规模、师生关系、课程和教学等是影响大学生发展的关键因素。齐克瑞的理论在美国高等教育实践中获得广泛应用，在学术界亦有重要影响，对于中国本科人才培养改革以及大学生学习与发展评价等具有重要参考价值。

Arthur W. Chickering's theory of identity development of college student is one of the fundamental theories of American college student development theories. The theory consists of three arguments: Firstly， the aim of college education is to help individuals develop sense of identity， which means to aid in forming a solid sense of self-awareness as well as an inner sense of control and belonging. Secondly， student development in college is composed of seven vectors， including developing competence， managing emotions， developing autonomy， establishing identity， developing purpose， and developing integrity. Chickering's seven vectors， centered in developing identity， have a relationship of mutual support. Thirdly， the key influences on college student development include institutional objectives， institutional size， student-faculty relationship， curriculum， teaching， and so on. Chickering's theory possesses significant reference value for the reform of undergraduate talent development and the evaluation of college student development in contemporary China.