学校对学生的保护义务和侵害赔偿责任的合理性分析——兼论对《侵权责任法》条款的误读

The Reasonable Analysis on the Protecting Obligation for students from Schools and the Responsibility of Compensation for Damages

学校对学生存在保护义务，其法律依据是《未成年人保护法》，保护义务的性质属于法定债务。因此，学校保护义务的内容应实现具体类型化和兜底。基于以上观点，在学生伤害事故中，由于学校不履行保护义务而产生的损害赔偿行为在性质上属于债务不履行行为，而非侵权行为。因为只有债务不履行责任成立，才能同时拥有“继续履行”和“损害赔偿”两种法律后果。在这种法律规定下，学校才能做好相关的保护工作，出现伤害事故时既能保护学校的利益，也能保护受害人的利益。

In accordance with Law of the People's Republic of China on the Juvenile Protection Act， which is based on the principle that obligation of protection belongs to Statutory debt， the education institutions should perform the protecting obligation for students. Therefore， the content of schools’ obligation of protection should be specifically categorized and reveal all the details. Based on the viewpoints above， in the circumstance of students getting injury， compensation for damages due to schools’ non-fulfillment of protecting obligation is essentially debt noncompliance act rather than infringement act. Only if the charge of debt noncompliance is sticked， both “continue to perform ” and “compensation for damages” could come into force. Under this kind of legal rules， schools could well carry out the relevant work and defend either the benefit of itself or of injured students.