我国七个少数民族使用盲文状况的调查研究

The Survey of Using Braille in Seven Minority Nationalities in China

对蒙古族、藏族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、壮族、彝族和朝鲜族的７ 个少数民族盲文使用状况进行调查。 结果显示，除西藏、吉林的公办特殊教育学校没有藏族和朝鲜族盲生外，现行盲文是少数民族公办特殊教育学校唯 一使用的盲文。在外国资金支助下的拉萨盲童学校学习英语盲文、汉语现行盲文和德国盲人研制的藏语盲文三种 盲文。维吾尔语盲文方案自诞生至今，经历了研究—搁置—实验—再搁置的过程。朝鲜族盲人基本上能自如应用 汉语现行盲文和韩语盲文。不同群体对是否需要制定本民族语盲文存在不同意见，但一致赞成制定和推广使用国 家通用盲文。大多数少数民族盲文使用者希望国家能“提供盲文学习资料”和“提供盲文读写设备”，进入社会的成 年盲人更关注盲文信息化、盲用信息化学习辅具的研发和推广。

The study investigated the status of studying and using different Braille Schemes in 7 mi- nority nationalities，including Mongolian，Tibetan， Uighur， Kazakhs， Chuang， Yi and Korean. The results show that 1) The Chinese Current Braille Scheme is the only used braille scheme by public special education schools in minority nationalities except Tibetan and Korean minority nationalities because no blind students of those two minority nationalities are in their public special education school; 2) Under the sup- porting of foreign finance，the Tibetan blind students study the English Braille scheme，the Current Braille Scheme and the Tibetan Braille Scheme which was created by blind German； 3) Braille Scheme of Uighur language has experienced the process of studied-stopped-experimented-stopped again since tt was made； 4) Korean blind people can use Chinese Current Braille Scheme and Korean Braille Scheme very well； 5) Dif-ferent groups have different opinions on whether the government should make different Braille schemes for each minority nationality， but all of them agree on creating and widely using a national universal Braille scheme； and 6) Majority of blind students and blind adults from minority nationalities suggest that the government should offer enough learning resources about braille and more braille equipment to help them read and wrtt braille. To those blind adults who have left school， they pay more attention on braille infor- matization and the development and promoting of braille informatization study tool.