國中學生目標導向與社會比較關聯性之實徵研究

Empirical Study on The Relationship between Goal Orientation and Social Comparison for Junior High School Students

本研究旨在探討國中學生目標導向與社會比較的關係。研究過程採取便利取樣方式，並以「目 標導向量表」和「社會比較量表」為研究工具，共獲得343 位國中學生的有效樣本，其中包括男生 170 人，女生173 人。經描述性統計、重覆量數單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、典 型相關與多元迴歸分析，結果顯示：(1)國中學生的目標導向以趨近表現目標的傾向最高，精熟目標 的傾向最低；社會比較則以平行比較的傾向最多，向下比較的傾向最少；(2)不同性別的國中學生在 目標導向上沒有差異；但不同性別的國中學生在社會比較上有顯著差異；(3)國中學生的目標導向和 社會比較間有典型相關存在；(4)目標導向的三個向度皆能顯著預測社會比較的三種類型，其中精熟 目標導向最能預測其向上比較和平行比較的行為傾向，逃避表現目標導向最能預測其向下比較和拒 絕比較的行為傾向。最後，根據研究結果提出建議，以供實務工作及未來研究參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between goal orientation and social comparison for junior high school students. Purposive sampling was used to collect data through questionnaires. The selected sample comprised 343 junior high school students， including 170 male and 173 female students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics， one-way MANOVA， canonical correlation and multiple regression. Results showed that: (1) Most of the junior high school students were likely to show performance-approach in their goal orientation， and least likely to show mastery goal. Their social comparison was also most likely lateral comparison and least likely downward comparison; (2) Gender difference was not found in goal orientation， but was found in social comparison; (3) Goal orientation and social comparison showed significant canonical correlations; and (4)Student goal orientation was significantly predictive of student social comparison. Finally based on these findings， some suggestions for practical application and future research were proposed.