誰來主導學校？ 現代家長與學校互動關係及啟示

Who Is in Charge of the School？ Parent-School Relationships and Its Implications

本文目的在瞭解當前家長與學校的互動實況，探討潛藏其中的統治關係和社會編制，並批判詮釋現代社會中家校關係的權力變化及蘊藏的危機。本研究採建制俗民誌研究法，運用參與觀察、訪談及文件分析等技巧，從一所國小蒐集實徵資料。研究結果如下：一、在現今社會脈絡下，家長與學校之間出現「主客移轉」的現象，有別於傳統以校方為主體的狀況，擁有發聲權的家長成為握有權力的主導者。二、資本主義社會中蓬勃發展的教育產業論述，在臺灣人口呈現少子女化的推波助瀾下，產製出建制學校教育人員的法規，導致家長消費權凌駕教育專業權的現象。三、現代家長與學校互動關係裡潛藏「公領域私有化」的危機，原本應為大眾服務的學校教育，成為服務少數發聲人的工具，違反教育正義。最後，本研究建議當前教育改革應著重教育公共性的建立，使學校成為名符其實的公共財。

This study critically interprets the relationship changes between parents and schools， the ruling relations， as well as the social organizations that institutionalize parent-school interaction. The method of institutional ethnography was adopted and the empirical data were gathered from an elementary school. The results indicated that parent-school relationships are different from the past because parents who voice their opinions have the power， and play the leading roles of the school. As consumers， parents nowadays have more power than teachers. As professionals， schools are restricted by the education laws which originated from the discourse of capitalism， which is education as service industry. This situation is growing worse as Taiwan’s birthrate declines. Since predominant parents are far more able to exercise their power than others， school resources are used by them to ensure advantages to their children. Privatization of public becomes a crisis， and it implicates the inequality of education. Therefore， this study addresses the concepts for strengthening public discourse.