我国高水平研究型大学学科结构发展趋势研究———基于1998－2013年科研产出的分析

Trends in the Development of Disciplinary Structure among China's Top Research Universities: A Study Based on Scientific Production between 1998 and 2013

以38 所“985 工程”高校为样本，收集了1998－2013 年间各高校在22 个ESI 学科领域的国际论 文数据， 通过聚类和多维尺度分析探讨了我国高水平研究型大学在1998－2003 年、2003－2008 年、2008－ 2013 年三个时段上的学科产出结构的特点。研究结果显示：“985 工程”高校的学科结构依次经历了同质化 倾向明显、趋同和异化并存、多样化趋势明显三个阶段；同时，“985 工程”高校学科结构主要存在三类演变 路径。因此，未来我国高水平研究型大学应进一步打破传统理工科为主的学科结构，实现多元化发展。

Based on the publication data of 38 Chinese universities sponsored by Project 985 in 22 ESI fields between 1998 and 2013， the study focuses on the development of the disciplinary structure of China's top research universities. Using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling， the study finds that China's top research universities display a high degree of homogeneity in the disciplinary structure during the period 1998-2003， a sign of homogeneity combined with diversity during the period 2003-2008， and a high degree of diversity during the period 2008-2013. Three main paths of the development of disciplinary structure are reported. Finally， the study points out that the future development of China's top research universities should break down the traditional disciplinary structure dominated by science and technology， in order to achieve a higher level of diversity.