英美中小学教师工资制度地区 差异实现机制的比较研究

A Study on Regional Difference in Teachers Salary Structure in UK and USA

地区差异实现机制是教师工资结构中的重要构成。本文引入工资制度中的不同组 成体现不同制度意图的概念，比较英国、美国中小学教师工资结构中的地区差异实现机制，得 出了三个主要结论：（1)地区差异的实质是生活成本的地区差异，无关教师的专业水平和受教 育水平；（2)分权或者集权的教师工资制度和预算制度有关，但和政治体制没有直接的关系； (3)在实施过程和提高适应性方面，政策工具远比政策本身重要。如何设计工资制度的地区差 异实现机制对我国各级政府的行政专业能力提出了挑战，也提出了如何在教师工资结构层次 进行研究的具体要求。

Regional difference is a key component in teachers salary structure. This paper explores the mechanisms reflecting regional difference in teachers salary structure in UK and in USA. The framework for the analysis is structural function model in which each block in a salary structure implicate its independent meanings. Three conclusions have been reached， they are： (l)the nature of regional difference in salary structure is a coverage of living costs in different areas， irrelevant to teachers professional characters; (2)regionaI mechanism is closely related to budget system in a state， but is indirectly influenced by political system; (3 )policy tools matters more than the policy itself in implementation and in improving policy relevance to complicated situations. How to design ie-gional difference in teachers salary structure challenges the capability building in China's administration and requires academic research that goes beyond a surface discussion and explores the structure of an institutions.