关于背景大学生文化资本的弱势地位──大学场域中文化作为资本影响力的视角

The Influence of Cultural Capital within the University: An Analysis of Chinese Rural College Students

布迪厄的文化资本理论使人们开始认识到文化作为“资本”的作用，农村背景大学生的最大弱势不在于经济资本而在于文化资本。大学场域作为权力场和学术场的双重属性决定了同一场域至少存在着两种不同的主流文化，农村背景大学生的文化劣势地位使其产生了复杂的场内位置感和对场内竞争标准公平性的怀疑。大学管理者要引导校园文化建设，需帮助学生认识大学场域，在经济帮扶的基础上重视非经济帮扶，从城市文化走向多元文化共荣，并认识到教育公平不仅仅是数量上的分配公平问题，更是互动中的关系公平问题。

Bourdieu's cultural capital theory helps people to realize that culture is also a kind of ＂ capital. ＂ For Chinese rural college students， the greatest disadvantages do not reside in economic capital but cultural capital. The dual attributes-＂ field of power＂ and ＂ academic field＂ -show that there are at least two types of mainstream cultures within universities. Rural students' cultural capital disadvantages lead them to have a complex sense of identity and doubt the fairness of the competition standards in the academic field. University administrators need to establish a cultural supportive atmosphere on campus in order to help students understand the dual attributes of the university. At the same time， university administrators should realize the significance of the non-economic support mechanisms to rural students， and lead the campus cultural supportive atmosphere change from a predominantly urban culture to more of multi-culture environment. Finally， university administrators should realize that the equity in education is not only distributive justice， but also relational justice in interactions.