搭乘欧洲高等教育一体化快车？———“博洛尼亚进程”对德国高等教育的影响

Catching the Train of Integration of European Higher Influence of Bologna Process on Higher Education in

１９９９年，欧洲２９国共同签署《博洛尼亚宣言》，标志着欧洲高等教育一体化即“博洛尼亚进程”的开始。德国作为《博洛尼亚宣言》第一批签署国，十多年来努力朝着这一目标迈进。本文通过对照《博洛尼亚宣言》所设立的目标（学位与学制改革、学分转换体系、促进学生流动、提高就业能力等），分析德国实施“博洛尼亚进程”的最新进展，并试图从多视角探索该进程对德国高等教育产生的影响。

In 1999，29 European countries signed the Bologna Declaration，which signifies the start of integration of Higher Education in Europe. As one of the first signatory countries，Germany has exerted itself to make progress in implementing the Bologna Declaration in the last ten years. This paper reviews the goal of the Bologna Declaration (i. e.，the reform of degree and credits transfer systems， the promotion of student mobility，and the enhancement of employability)，analyzes the latest develop- ment (e . g. the concrete measure and implementation of the Bologna Process at German Higher Education Institutions) and its impact on German Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)，and probes the challenge of academic freedom and the increase of academic pressure on students. The study results indicate that Germany lags behind other European countries in terms of transferring to the bachelor一master structure，although it has made substantial effort in advancing the development in the past decade. Further discussions are made to better understand the current situation and trend of the Bologna Process in Germany.