大学教育如何影响政治参与?

How Does Higher Education Influence Political Participation?

学校教育是政治社会化最为重要的场域，为民主社会培养负责任的公民应是中国大学的基本使 命。那么在中国的政治民主化进程中，大学教育能否直接影响个体政治行为，怎样实现政治社会化目标? 本文 通过对北京、上海、武汉、长沙、南宁、广州等地3623 名在校大学生的问卷调查，考察了大学教育与政治参与的 关系，分析了大学教育影响政治参与的具体过程。结果表明:(1)大学教育对政治参与具有独立的正向影响，大 学教育是影响个体政治参与表现最强有力的因素;(2)教育年限的延长并不能促进个体的政治参与，学生社团 参与经历对于各种形式的政治参与行为皆有显著增益，教育宽度而不是教育长度促进了大学政治社会化目标 的达成。

School education is the most important means of political socialization，and it is the primary mission of Chinese universities to cultivate responsible and rational citizens for a democratic society． As socialistic democratic politics advances in China，can higher education influence political behavior directly and how can it have profound effects? Based upon a survey of 3623 undergraduates in Beijing，Shanghai， Wuhan，Changsha，Guangzhou，Nanning，etc，this paper analyses the effect of education factors on political participation of undergraduates，and explores how the higher education process affects political participation． The results show that higher education has an independent，positive effect on political participation， and it is the strongest predictor for political participation． Furthermore，the level of political participation does not increase with the years of education． Student participation experience can significantly increase all forms of political participation． It is the extent rather than the length of education that promotes political socialization in colleges and universities．