臺灣地區幼兒教師異動傾向之影響因素研究：檢驗個人背景、社會交換、價值適配、分配公平、工作負荷、薪資之角色

A study on the kindergarten and childcare center teachers' turnover intention in Taiwan：Exploring the effect of the demographics%2C social exchange%2C ethical fit%2C distributive justice%2C job loading and salary

過去研究已指出幼兒教師(1)長期以來都有高流動率與高異動率的現象；過去研究也發現教師的教育程度、年齡、任教年資、公/私立、幼稚園/托兒所等背景變項與異動傾向有關，但尚未探究其他具有理論基礎的變項。因此本研究歸納國內外有關職業異動的相關理論與研究結果變項，擬檢驗相關的理論與可能的影響變項對於台灣地區幼兒教師異動傾向的解釋效果。本研究以廻歸分析進一步控制了相關變項後發現：教育程度、年齡、教保年資、公/私立、以及幼托機構等這些變項，初步投入廻歸分析時對於異動傾向有顯著影響，但置入工作負荷、薪資、物質交換、分配公平等因素之後，背景變項幾乎無顯著影響性。因此工作負荷較重、薪資較低、缺乏足夠的物質交換、資源分配不公平，才是導致教師想要異動的因素，而非基於教師個人背景。換言之，背景變項本身並非真正的影響因素。

On the past， that some studies pointed preschools teachers’ turnover intention was high. Although the past studies showed there were relationship among the educational degree， ages， job’s years， public/personal school， the kindergarten/childcare center and turnover intention， but rarely explore the other relative variables. In this study， we generalize the theories and results of job turnover from domestic and oversea studies to examine whether social exchange theory， person-organizational fit theory， and equity theory can explain turnover intention of kindergarten and childcare center teachers. The results show the educational degree， ages， job’s years， public/personal school， kindergarten/childcare center effect turnover intention by regression analysis. When we put the job loading， salary， social exchange， ethical fit， and distributive justice the demographics’ effect is disappeared. Therefore， that the important influential factors effect turnover intention are the job loading， salary， social exchange， ethical fit， and distributive justice， not demographics.