高等職業技術教育的變化和發展

Changes in Postsecondary Vocational and Technical Education

本文主要從歷史和國際比較的視角，從高等職業技術教育的理念、制度以及課程三個層面入手，在參考有關研究文獻和運用有關國家數據的基礎上，對高等職業技術教育的生成、變化、基本特征以及近年來的改革趨勢做簡要論述。研究表明，盡管在理念、制度和課程設置等方面仍然存在較大差異，許多歐美國家及日本的職業技術教育已從過去主要處于中等教育階段的職業教育機構或短期高等教育機構實施發展到高等教育本科階段、甚至研究生教育階段。在這一過程中，職業技術教育院校逐漸構成高等教育制度特別是終身教育制度的一個組成部分。

This study analyzes the emergence of，changes in，and distinguished characteristics as well as general trends of postsecondary vocational and technical education at the concept，system and curriculum levels by examining earlier research and national data from historical and comparative per-spectives.The study suggests that vocational and technical education has been transformed from short-cycled，secondary education into postsecondary and even graduate education in the US，Japan，and some European countries.It has become an integral part of national higher education systems and plays an increasingly important role in adult and continuing education.