中国古代通识教育的传统及其问题-知识的视角

The Traditional Chinese General Education and Its Problems ： A Knowledge Perspective

本文通过历史考察，提出高等教育中的三种知识的分析框架，即通识性知识、学术性知识和职业性知识，并以此为基础对中国的传统教育进行了分析，发现三种知识在传统上处于一种非常独特的关系，呈现三个特征，即通识教育与意识形态的合一，通识教育与专业教育合一，通识教育与学术知识合一。换句话说，意识形态化的通识教育在中国传统的高等教育中占据了主导作用，抑制了学术知识和职业知识的发展。

This article proposes an analytical framework which distinguishes three kinds of knowledge: general knowledge， academic knowledge， and professional knowledge. Based on the analytical framework， the article identifies three characteristics of China's traditional education， namely， the unity of general education and ideology， the unity of general education and professional education， and the unity of general education and academic knowledge. The ideological model of general education played a dominant role in higher education in ancient China， which inhibited the development of academic knowledge and professional knowledge.