如何学习知识--从一所高中和一个大学物理系的成功谈起

How to Acquire Knowledge:Learning from the Success of a High School and the Physics Department of a University

为什么成立于1938年的布朗克斯科学高中出了8位诺贝尔奖获得者？为什么李政道认为叶企孙创办的老清华物理系在发展的速度上，在办系的成功上，可以跟20世纪初的加州理工学院相媲美？通过案例探讨，本文从一个侧面来回答钱学森之问，阐述在大学阶段，学生应如何学习与研究;在急功近利的大环境下，学校、教师和学生应如何共同努力，创造有利于杰出基础科学人才脱颖而出的小环境。

How come the Bronx High School of Science counts eight Nobel Prize winners among its graduates? Why did Dr.Li Zhengdao believe that the old Department of Physics at Tsinghua Universi-ty，founded by Chi-Sun Yeh，could rival the California Institute of Technology in the early 20th century in terms of development speed and success? This paper examines the two cases to provide a partial an-swer to Qian Xuesen’s question，and discusses how college students should learn and research and，in the macroenvironment where instant success is sought，how a university，its faculty members，and its students can work together to create a microenvironment conducive to talents in basic sciences standing out.