發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持與賦權增能之相關研究

A Study on Social Support and Empowerment in Families of Young Children With Developmental Delay

本研究旨在瞭解台灣地區發展遲緩兒童家庭的社會支持與賦權增能情形。本研究係依據內政部兒童局民國94年各縣市之發展遲緩兒童早期療育個案管理人數作為抽樣之母群，抽出250個家庭作為正式施測之樣本，最後蒐集到203份的有效問卷（81％）。研究結果如下：1、在發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持類型之分量表得分中，以獲得訊息支持為最多，以獲得工具支持為最少；在社會支持來源之分量表得分中，以獲得正式支持為最多。而在賦權增能之分量表得分中，以賦予能力所獲得的分數為最高，以社區參與所獲得的分數為最低。2、不同發展遲緩兒童家庭之兒童年齡、主要照顧者、照顧者年齡、社經地位、經濟收入及子女數在某些社會支持之向度上達顯著差異。不同發展遲緩兒童性別、年齡、主要照顧者、照顧者年齡及社經地位的家庭在某些賦權增能之向度中達顯著差異。3、在發展遲緩兒童家庭社會支持與賦權增能之典型相關分析中，發現給予較多的情緒支持、訊息支持、正式支持與非正式支持時，賦權增能亦會隨之增加。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the perceptions of social support and empowerment, in families of young children with developmental delay in Taiwan. A total of 250 questionnaires were issued and 203 cases (response rate: 81%) were collected. The major findings are described as follows: 1. The respondents' scores on the types of social support subscale showed that 'information support' received the highest score, while the score for 'instrumental support' was the lowest. On the resources of social support scale, the respondents perceived the most support from formal social supports. The respondents perceived that the 'ability of enabling' received the highest mean score on the family empowerment scale, while the lowest mean score fell to the category of 'community involvement'. 2. The levels of social supports had statistically significant differences among six predictor variables (namely, age of the children, main caregiver, age of the caregiver, the number of children, family income and social economic status) in the family with developmentally delayed children. Some factors in the area of family empowerment had statistically significant differences among five predictor variables (i.e., gender of the children, age of the children, main caregiver, age of the caregiver, and social economic status). 3. The canoniocal correlation results showed that the majority of the associations among factors in social support and empowerment areas were significantly positively correlated, except for some factors in the instrumental social support area.