家庭服務導向之親職教育方案對發展遲緩幼兒的父母教養能力、家庭功能之研究

The effects of the family-oriented parent education program toward parenting abilities and family functions for parents with developmentally delayed children

對於發展遲緩幼兒的早期療育各項服務內容中，實施家庭服務導向之親職教育方案是很重要的，對改善父母教養能力與家庭功能有極大之影響。本研究目的如下：1.了解實施此親職教育方案，對父母教養能力和家庭功能的影響程度；2.探討此親職教育方案實施後，藉由訪談家長的觀點與感受，瞭解方案的歷程問題。為瞭解方案成效，先採用量的研究樣本為家中有2-6歲現就讀於幼兒園所的幼兒家長，計60位。在探討方案的歷程問題上，以質的研究進行，樣本為實驗組家庭的30位家長，期能探入得知方案之結果與家長參與的過程情形。研究工具有「發展遲緩幼兒之家長教養能力量表」、「發展遲緩幼兒之家庭功能量表」與「焦點問題訪談表」。研究方法有量的方案實驗法，並用百分比、迴歸係數同質性考驗、共變數分析、F考驗之統計法與質性設計進行資料處理。研究結果發現如下：1.在父母教養能力五項目上，經親職教育方案的介入後有「認知」、「生活自理」、「動作技能」、「語言溝通」四項目達顯著差異。2.家庭功能十項目上，經親職教育方案的介入後有「家庭氣氛」、「管教技能」、「情感凝聚力」、父母「因應能力」、家庭「外力支援」、「娛樂休閒」、「雙親合作度」、「生活信念」、「家庭規範執行」九項目達顯著差異。3.訪談結果家長的反應均表示對家長個人、家庭獲益良多，持肯定的態度。

The family-oriented parent education program plays an important role among all early intervention services for young children with developmental delay and interview parent to understand their view. The program significantly improves parenting abilities and family functions. The purposes of this study include, realizing the fact that the extent of impact the parent education program creates on parenting abilities and family function, and exploring the effects of the program and the issues stem from experienced processes through personal interviewing to get the points of view and perception from parent. To understand the effect of the project, the study sampled 60 parents whose children aged 2-6 with developmental delay by the quantitative research; meanwhile, with thirty parents engage in experimental group to explore the process issue of the project by the qualitative analysis. Quantity of the experimental method and quality design were used in this study. The Scale of Parenting Abilities for of Young Children with developmental delays, the Scale of Family Function for Parents with Young Children with Developmental delay and interviewing table of focused issues were administered by the parents. Percentage, same nature test of regression coefficient, analysis of covariance, F-test and qualitative design were conducted for data analysis. Among the five categories of parenting abilities, the results show significant increases in cognition, self-management, motor skills, and communication after the family-oriented parent education program was intervened. As for the ten categories of family functions, the results showed significant increases in family atmosphere, supervision skills, family cohesion, parents' coping abilities, exterior aids, entertainments, parent-cooperation, life beliefs, and execution of family rules, after the program was intervened. The responses of parents involved in the program express positive attitude, they feel the program brings more benefits to family and the parents.