知識經濟的先驅：張謇論

A Pioneer for Knowledge-based Economy : on Chang Chien

張謇(1853-1926年)，江蘇南通人。雖然關於張謇的研究已有不少，足以見證其在近代中國的重要角色，但是有關運用經濟知識的新觀念討論張謇的系統著作仍然十分有限。本文以張謇的日記「柳西草堂日記」、「張季子九錄」、「張謇全集」等原始資料，以及其他有關文獻，對知識經濟的先驅--張謇，作系統、清晰的研究。其目的在作為研究近代中國者參考，並期拋磚引玉，冀學者作更深入的研究。知識經濟的先驅:張謇論，可以簡單歸納為：（一）、知識是經濟的基礎。（二）、知識、經濟是社會改變的基礎。（三）社會改變是政治改變的基礎。（四）地方自治及公共行政是立憲（後轉為共和）的基礎。而張謇的目標則在求中國的富強。至於張謇思想的背景、淵源，形成與變遷之過程，時代意義，以及其長期影響，本文也都有慎重的處理。

Chang Chien (1853-1926) was a native of Nant'ung, Kiangsu. In spite of the various works on Chang Chien, which testify to the significance of his role in modern China, “A pioneer for Knowledge-based Economy: on Chang Chien” is still not well- researched. The purposes of this paper are, first of all, to analyse “A pioneer for Knowledge-based Economy: on Chang Chien” systematically and clearly in the hope that it may become a useful reference for researchers on modern China, and secondly, to stimulate further research. This paper depends more on basic source materials rather than second-hand data. Among various source materials, Chang Chien's Diary, The Nine Records of Chang Chien and The Complete Works of Chang Chien are the most important. The main lines of “A pioneer for Knowledge-based Economy: on Chang Chien” may be briefly summarized as follows: (1) knowledge as basis of economy (2) knowledge and economy as basis of social change (3) social change as basis of political change (4) local self-government and public administration as basis of constitutional monarchy (or later, a republic). The ultimate purpose of Chang Chien’s thought is to make China wealthy and powerful. This paper is also for the purpose of discussing carefully the background to Chang Chien’s thought , the factors which shaped it, how it developed, what influence it had on his contemporaries, and its long-term impact.