学术生涯：赌博还是游戏？

Academic Career: Gamble or Game?

马克斯•韦伯将德国式学术生涯比作一场鲁莽的赌博，指出作为筹码的学术自由的重要性;布迪厄则将法国式学术生涯比作一场游戏，强调文化资本在游戏中的关键作用。事实上，无论是学术“赌博”还是“游戏”，其共同特征是拥有相对透明并得到学术共同体认可和遵守的规则。以此作为参照系，中国式学术生涯既非“赌博”亦非“游戏”。唯有通过政府学术治理的“去行政化”与学术共同体的自我变革双效并举，建立符合学术共同体内在逻辑的学术规则，中国学术人方能真正具备参与学术“赌博”或“游戏”的条件。

Max Weber compared the German-style academic career to a reckless gamble， stressing the importance of academic freedom as a bargaining counter， while Pierre Bourdieu compared the French -style academic career to a game， emphasizing the critical role of cultural capital. In fact， whether a gamble or a game， their common characteristics are some relatively transparent rules recognized and abided by the academic community. In contrast， the Chinese —style academic career is neither a gamble nor a game. Only through the M de -administration＂ of government control in the academic field and the self-transformation of academic community to establish legitimate academic rules， can Chinese academic researchers engage in the academic gamble or game per se.