专业教育的历史解析

The Historical Analysis of Professional Education

从历史来看，专业教育有两种不同的形式：一种是内部性的，即苏式的“专业教育”或者西方的“专门教育”（special education），它是以内容为取向的；另一种是外部性的，即专业教育（professional education），它是以目的为取向的。专业教育和职业教育的区分是社会学的，而无论从内部性或者外部性来看，“专业教育”都是另一种形式的职业教育，即培养自由职业（学问性职业）资格的教育。

From historical perspective， there are two different forms of professional education: one is internal，namely the Soviet ＂professional education＂ or western ＂special education＂， which is content-oriented; the other isexternal， namely professional education， which is purpose-oriented. The division between professional education andvocational education is sociological， and from either the internal or external view， ＂professional education＂ is anotherform of vocational education， namely the education of cultivating free occupation (knowledge occupation) qualification.