如何面对儿童基于利己功利的宽容——价值教育的视角

How to Deal with Children’s Tolerance of Utilitarian Self-Interest：From the Perspective of Value Education

为数不少的儿童有过基于利己功利的宽容体验。从功利主义的视角看，儿童的这种宽容符合“无害一人地增加利益总量”的功利原理因而具有合理性。但儿童基于利己功利的宽容没有考虑他人和共同体的利益，宽容也仅仅是实现儿童个人利益最大化的偶然性手段，这使得这种宽容具有局限性。面对儿童基于利己功利的宽容，价值教育需要思考其产生的原因，并在此基础上引导儿童从基于利己功利的宽容转向基于共同体功利的宽容，引导儿童不仅仅将宽容作为增进个人和共同体利益和快乐的手段，而是将其作为自主追求的价值品质。

Many children have the experiences of tolerating utilitarian self-interest From a utilitarianism perspective，this kind of tolerance meets the utilitarian principle of “to harm none to increase the total amount of interest” and thus it is reasonable But this kind of tolerance has its limitations. It does not take into account others，and the community’s interest and it is only an odd mean to maximize children;s personal interest Value education should attend to the cause of such tolerance Based on this，value education should guide children to shift the tolerance of utilitarian self-interest to the tolerance of utilitarian community interest； it should guide children to make tolerance not only as a means to enhance the community m-terest and happiness，but also a value quality they pursue autonomously