联邦德国“二战”历史教育的发展历程及其启示

The Development Process of the World War II History Education in Federal Republic of Germany

联邦德国的“二战”历史教育经历了一个曲折发展的过程。受冷战形势的影响，20世纪50年代的“二战”历史教育偏离了历史事实，德国大众试图逃避历史罪责。1966年，阿多诺发表“奥斯维辛之后的教育”演说后，德国“二战”历史教育出现转折，树立了正确的方向和目标。德国统一后“二战”历史教育实现了多样化发展，媒体、展览和纪念馆发挥了重要作用。成功的“二战”历史教育帮助德国社会树立了正确的“‘二战’史观”。

The Federal Republic of Germany's World War Ⅱ history education has experienced a tortuous development process. World War Ⅱ history education deviated from the facts of history affected by the Cold War situation in the 1950s， the German people was trying to evade the historical guilt. After Adorno's speech "Education after Auschwitz" in 1966，the World War Ⅱ history education began to turn, and set in the right direction and goals. After the reunification of Germany，the World War Ⅱ history education achieves a diversified development. Media，exhibitions and memorials played important roles. The successful World War Ⅱ history education helped German society to establish a correct concept about World War Ⅱ.