中国高等教育改革与发展的政策工具分析

Policy Instrument Application in Chinese Higher Education Reform

在中国高等教育的改革与发展过程中，政策工具的应用发挥了重要作用。1985 年以来，中国高等教育改革与发展的政策工具呈现以下特征:政策工具由单一向多元化转变，但政策工具箱仍不够丰富;以强制性政策工具为主，自愿性工具和混合型工具运用不足;与社会主义市场经济体制相适应，积极拓展了市场工具的应用;权力下放政策工具效果不明显，随之而来的是大学内部政策工具的运用进入了误区。鉴于此，文章提出以下政策建议:提升高等教育政策工具的多元化与适切性;重视自愿性政策工具和混合性政策工具的使用;进一步重视"市场"政策工具的使用;进一步拓展"权力下放"政策工具的空间。

Policy instrument application has played an important role in the development of Chinese higher education. Since 1985,the application of policy instruments in Chinese higher education has shown some remarkable characteristics. Firstly, policy instrument has evolved from unitary to diverse. Secondly, mandatory policy instrument has been mainly used. Thirdly, market policy instrument has expanded along with the establishment of socialist market economic system. Fourthly, decentralization policy instrument has been applied inadequately. Several proposals are put forward to speed up the policy instrument application in Chinese higher education development.