母親的性別平權態度、母親對父親教養的鼓勵與父親教養參與之相關研究

The Relations Among Maternal Gender Equality Attitudes%2C Encouraging Behaviors%2C and Father Involvement in Parenting

本研究旨在瞭解母親的性別平權態度、母親對父親教養的鼓勵與父親教養參與之相關情形。採用問卷調查法，以大台北地區家有2-6歲幼兒之母親為研究對象，使用「母親兩性平權態度量表」、「母親對父親教養的鼓勵量表」及「父親教養參與量表」等測量工具，共計發放600份問卷，得有效問卷515份，研究資料以描述性統計、史比爾曼相關、階層迴歸及結構方程模式等進行分析，主要發現如下：一、母親知覺自己的性別平權態度傾向平權；而母親知覺自己常常給予父親參與教養幼兒的鼓\r勵，包含：增強、連結、及邀請等鼓勵行為；母親知覺父親有時會參與教養幼兒工作，包含：育兒勞務及親子教養。\r二、父母親不同的教育年數、母親的職業、工作時數、性別平權態度、以及對父親教養鼓勵行為皆與父親教養參與有顯著正相關；父親工作時數與父親教養參與則呈現顯著負相關。\r三、由階層迴歸分析發現，父親工作時數及母親對父親教養的鼓勵，對於父親教養參與具有解釋力。四、由結構方程模式分析發現，母親的性別平權態度會透過母親對父親教養的鼓勵，進而顯著的影響父親教養參與。

The research primarily focused on the relations among maternal gender equality attitudes， encouraging behaviors， and father involvement in parenting. Besides， the current study also explored the explanation of maternal gender equality attitudes， encouraging behaviors on father involvement in parenting.Participants were the mothers in Taipei area who had a 2-6 year-old child at least. The instruments included” Maternal Gender Equality Attitudes Scale，” “Maternal Encouraging Behaviors Scale，” and ”Father Involvement in Parenting Scale.” Five hundred and ffteen participants completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics， one way analysis of variance， Spearman correlation， hierarchical regression， and structural equation modeling. The results were summarized as followed: 1. The mothers perceived that they had pretty positive attitudes of maternal gender equality. The maternal encouraging behaviors included three dimensions， namely “strengthening，” “connecting，” and “inviting.” The mothers perceived that they frequenely encouraged fathers’ involvement in parenting. Fathers’ involvement in parenting included two dimensions， namely “chores work” and “parenting work.” Mothers perceived that fathers sometimes involved in parenting. 2. Fathers’ involvement in parenting was positively correlated with parent’s educational year， mothers’ career and working hours， maternal gender equality attitudes， and encouraging behaviors. Fathers’ involvement in parenting was negatively correlated with fathers’ working hours. 3. The hierarchical regression analyses indicated that fathers’ working hours and maternal encouraging behaviors signifcantly predicted father involvement in parenting.4. The structural equation modeling indicated that maternal gender equality attitudes positively predicted father involvement in parenting， through the maternal encouraging behaviors.Implication and application were provided to the parents， practitioners. The directions for future research were also discussed.