幼兒之家庭概念

Young Children’s Concept of Family

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒之家庭概念，探究幼兒腦海中的家庭、幼兒判斷家庭成員的規準、家庭帶給幼兒的感受及家庭所具備的功能，最後分析幼兒的性別、家庭結構、居住經驗跟居住地區是否帶給幼兒在家庭概念上的不同見解。根據研究結果，提出具體建議，期能提供家長在教養上及教師在親師互動上之參考，為達到上述研究目的，本研究採取質性研究法之訪談法進行。\r本研究為探究不同居住地區的幼兒之家庭概念，因此以台北市與彰化縣的大班幼兒各二十名為研究對象，並以研究者編制的半結構式訪談大綱及相關的人物圖卡進行訪談，以獲得幼兒腦海中的家庭圖像、判斷家庭成員的規準及對家庭的感受，本研究的主要發現如下：\r一、居住經驗及家庭型態皆會影響幼兒的家庭概念。\r二、城鄉幼兒的家庭圖像有所差異，彰化縣幼兒以主幹家庭及擴展家庭為主，台北市幼兒的家庭圖像則較平均地分佈在核心家庭與主幹家庭。三、城鄉幼兒對不同型態之家庭的認同情形頗一致，除了對「單親家庭」型態的看法較有差異之外；而男女幼兒對多元家庭型態的看法亦未有明顯差異。\r四、形成家庭最主要的考量為「共同居住」、「結婚」與「互相照顧」。五、家庭具備多重功能，幼兒對家庭的感受多正向。

This study aims at understanding young children’s concept of family， including their image of family， criteria of family members，feelings toward family， and perceived functions of family. Further analyses were conducted to examine the effects of gender， family structure， living experience， and different communities on young children’s family concept. The subjects were consisted of 40 kindergarten children living in different communities (20 from Taipei City and 20 from Changhua County). The study was conducted with individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews and pictures as visual aides.The major fndings of this study include the following: 1. Living experience and family structure had major influences on young children’s concept of family.2. Community was signifcantly related to young children’s image of family， with City children (Taipei City) more likely to have images of nuclear family and stem family， while Country children (Changhua County) more likely to possess stem family and extended family images.3. No significant differences were found between City children and Country children in terms of their criteria of family members， except for single-parent family. Neither was there gender effects.4. The main conditions for being a family， as considered by young children， were co-habitation， marriage， and care among family members.5. Young children perceived family to have multiple functions， and generally had positive feelings toward family. Results were discussed， and suggestions on parenting and parent-teacher interaction were provided.