Conceptualizing Common Factors in Counseling

概念化諮商共通因子

本文目的為概念化不同心理諮商學派中所呈現的心理諮商共通因子。所提出的概念化架構包含四個理論構化(construct)：個案特色、諮商員特色、諮商改變歷程（包括諮商關係；諮商共通技術；安慰劑、希望、與期待；諮商儀式）、與諮商情境。本文企圖整合前人文獻並加以系統化整理，所有諮商共通因子彼此相互影響並嵌合於一整合性的諮商歷程架構之中。作者最後提出與此共通因子的概念化架構相關的臨床實務、教學訓練、與未來研究議題，以供參考。

The purpose of this study was to conceptualize the common factors across many counseling approaches that were crucial for the process and outcome of counseling. The proposed conceptual framework consisted of four constructs comprising common factors: the client's characteristics， the therapist's characteristics， the process of change (counseling relationship; counseling techniques; placebo， hope and expectancy; and rituals)， and the counseling context. All of the common factors， derived from preceding literature and integrated into a systematic form， were interactive and embedded within a process-based holistic framework. Implications for counseling research， practice and education/training were elaborated.