分佈式領導的微觀政治學

The Micropolitics of Distributed Leadership

學校領導者的權力，主要來自對於教育資源的掌握程度，當教育資源的來源發 生改變時，權力結構即產生重組，傳統經營學校模式或者控制典型學校的系統已不 適用，學校權力的上對下固著結構需要有所轉變，學校系統需要透過權力分散提昇 教師專業，教師授權的教育改革是必要的變化，且教師授權是學校組織管理時分散 風險以及提升學校成員凝聚力的好方法，教育系統需要調整以應對組織變革，現今 對於學校領導已轉而探討團隊領導、分佈式領導、分享領導、民主式領導，注重在 人與人之間的互動上，而非控制的權力。學校微觀政治研究的關注焦點，在於學校 組織内部的各種政治現象，對學校行政組織的日常生活脈絡進行更深入、更真實的 分析與理解，例如校内人際溝通、決策互動、文化形塑與培養等，主要對於内部權 力的流動與交換進行探討，而非巨觀性的教育政策分析。因此本文以微觀政治學的 角度探討學校權力分散後所面臨的可能問題以及解決之道，提供領導者參考。

The power of school leader is mainly from controlling degree of educational sources. When educational sources are different， the structure of power will change. Traditional school model or controlling system of typical school is no longer applicable and needs to change the fixed structure. School system needs to enhance teacher profession through the decentralization. Educational reform is necessary to empower teachers and it is good way for school organization to decrease risk of management and enhance cohesion. The educational system needs to adapt to respond to organizational change. Today， the exploration of school leadership has transformed to team leadership， distributed leadership， shared leadership， democratic leadership， and has focused on the interaction between people， rather than controlling the power. The studies of micropolitics focused on various political phenomenon of school organization， such as communication， making decisions， shaping culture， mainly to explore the flow and exchange for the internal power， rather than macro-educational policy analysis. Therefore， this article explored the problems and solutions after power distributed in micropolitical perspective.