从学术革命透视美国研究型大学崛起的内在力量

Perspective on the Inherence Power of American Research Universities Spring up from Academic Revolution

采用文献分析法和比较研究法,回顾了世界学术革命的历程,描述了学术革命对美国学院和大学的影响,分析了美国研究型大学兴起和成长的内在规律和机制。研究结果表明,以理念革新、功能拓展、结构转型和管理革命为支柱的学术革命才是研究型大学崛起的自然内在力量,而外部因素如政府干预、社会经济发展水平、重大社会变革等只是促进研究型大学发展的随机和偶发力量。中国的研究型大学建设,必须重视内部力量的积累,积极促成学术革命的发生。

By using of document analysis method and comparative research method, the history of world academic revolution is reviewed, the impacts of academic revolution on the American colleges and universities are described, and the inherence mechanism and rules of the rise and development of American research universities has are analyzed. It turns out that the academic revolution, which is based on four pillars including idea revolution, function expansion, structure transformation and management revolution, is the natural inherence impetus to the rise of American research universities, while the exterior factors, such as government intervention, the level of socioeconomic development and the tremendous social transformation, are random and occasional impetuses. The construction of Chinese research universities should pay more attention to the accumulation of inner powers, and promote the occurrence of academic revolution actively.