德国教师教育标准: 背景·内容·特征

Standards for Teacher Education in Germany: Background, Contents and Characteristics

为了保证和提高教师教育的质量，德国在21世纪初相继出台了《教师教育标准：教育科学》（2004）和《各州通用的对教师教育的学科专业和学科教学法的内容要求》（2008）。这两个标准描述了师范生在毕业时需要掌握的知识、能力、态度，全面覆盖了教育科学、学科专业和学科教学法三个教师教育学科领域，并强调要更加紧密地衔接理论学习、见习和入职后的继续教育，体现了科学性、全面性和开放性等特点。德国教师教育标准为教师教育确定了全国统一的标准和要求，成为当前对高校师范类专业进行评估和认证的基础。

In order to ensure and improve the quality of teacher education, Germany has successively introduced" Standards for Teacher Education: Educational Sciences" （2004）and "Common Requirements for the content of Subjects and Subject Didactics in Teacher Education"（2008）since the beginning of this century. These two standards describe the knowledge, abilities and attitudes required for the future teachers upon graduation. Also, they cover all the three subject areas involved in teacher education, namely educational sciences, subjects and subject didactics, and stress a closer link between theory study at university, preparatory service in schools and continuing education after employment. The standards are characterized by scientificness, comprehensiveness and openness to diversity. They set nationally unified standards and requirements for teacher education and currently serve as the basis for the evaluation and accreditation of teacher education programs.