德国应用科学大学校企合作的形式、特点与发展趋向

Forms, Characteristics and Development Trends of Cooperation between Universities of Applied Sciences and Enterprises in Germany

德国应用科学大学与企业合作的主要形式包括：由企业向学生提供实习岗位和毕业设计岗位；委托大学进行科研或与大学开展联合研究；担任大学双元制专业合作伙伴；参与大学的师资建设；资助大学设立实验室／研究机构；参与高校的管理与决策。德国大学与企业的合作涉及到教学、科研和管理等不同方面以及学生、教师、学校和政府等不同参与主体，表现出全方位和立体式的特点。目前，德国的校企合作正在由短期的、零散式的合作转向建立长期的战略伙伴关系。

The major forms for the cooperation between Universities of Applied Sciences and enterprises in Germany usually include the following： Enterprises offer students traineeships and positions for completing their thesis, entrust universities to conduct research or conduct joint research with universities, collaborate with universities in the framework of dual course of studies, support university teaching in forms of providing visiting lecturers and endowed chairs, finance laboratories/research institutes, participate in the university management （Board of Trustees, Advisory Board）. The cooperation here relates to different areas such as teaching, research, management and social services,and involves different actors such as students,faculty,universities and government. It is characterized by comprehensiveness and muhi-dimensionality.Now,the university-enterprise-cooperation is moving from sporadic cooperation to building long-term strategic partnership and alliance.