取消肯定性行动政策制定过程研究——以美国加州大学为案例

Policy Analysis of the Removal of Affirmative Action in California Universities

本文使用金登的多源流政策过程理论，从公共问题的确定及议程的形成、备选方案的提出、政策企业家的作用几个方面，分析了加州大学取消肯定性行动的政策制定过程。作为一项公共政策，肯定性行动的存在很大程度上依赖于政治气候和舆论，当政治氛围发生变化，公共问题进入政策议程，备选方案得以确定，政策企业家抓住政策窗开启的机会，最终促成了新政策的出台。

This paper uses Kingdon s theory of multiple streams by to analyze the process of policy making in removing affirmative action in California Universities， from the perspectives of the determination of public problems， the establishment of the agenda， the proposal of alternative plan， and the effect of policy entrepreneurs. The result shows that as a public policy， affirmative action is dependent on political environment and public opinion. When political environment changes， public problems are brought into policy agenda， the alternative option is confirmed， as a result， the policy entrepreneurs take this opportunity of policy window opening to promote new policy making.