现代洞穴的哲人之思与超越之途——艾伦•布鲁姆大学思想解读

The Noesis of Philosopher and the Road of Beyond in Modern Cave──An Interpretation of Allan Bloom's Idea of Universities

布鲁姆将现代民主社会看作人类洞穴处境，其中的民主、平等、自由等权威意见的不可侵犯导致了大学的封闭和野蛮化，并遗弃了教育的真正目的。要想解决大学的危机，一是要通过思想史研究批判地理解现代视域的局限与来源，并回到古代视域中寻求自然正当;二是要通过以阅读希腊古典著作为核心的自由教育，接续哲学探索的传统，以超越现代洞穴，实现人的整全和良善的生活。而在实践中，对哲学、自由教育与政治关系的思考和处理将会是成败的关键。

Allan Bloom sees the modern democratic society as one of Plato s caves， which leads to the close and barbarization of the universities， abandoning the true purpose of education， due to the inviolability of authoritative ideas on democracy， equality， and freedom in it. In order to solve this crisis of the universities， it is necessary to (1) critically understand the limitations and sources of the modern horizon through studying the thinking history， and return to the ancient domain to seek the natural right; (2) continue the tradition of philosophical inquiry via liberal education which focuses on reading Greek classical works， in order to go beyond the modern cave， and achieve a good life and the whole of the human. The key to success meducational practice is how to consider and deal with the relations among philosophy， liberal education， and political relationship.