中国传统教育的特色与反省

The Features of Traditional Chinese Education

本文所要讨论的是传统中国教育的特色。依序交待下面七个特色:养士教育与科举的影响，为己之学与书院的理想与实践，儒家经典的教育，庶民教化、祭祀与＂儒家正统＂，个别施教、不分年龄班次的教育，文字考试的影响，权威人格的形成。这些是笔者研究中国明末以前教育史的结论。

This article discusses main features of traditional Chinese education derived from the author s years of study， and lists the following seven as the most salient in that education: Education for the preparation of scholars for service and the influences of the civil service examinations on it. ＂Learning for one's sake＂ vs. the ideal and reality of traditional academies. Confucian classics as the main component of that tradition. The formation of Confucian orthodoxy and its influences on commoners' education， and ritualized behavior. Individualized teaching and the education that did not emphasize age progression. Written examinations and its implications. The formation of authoritarian personality.