教學視導的新趨勢─正向視導概念的發展

New Trend of Instructional Supervision- The Development of The Concept of Positive Supervision

視導（supervision）近年來被廣泛地運用在各個領域，並有良好的發展。在教育領域上，著重教師專業成長、教學精進以提升學生學習品質的教學視導逐漸受到重視。鑑於教育當局、學界、視導者及被視導者對於視導意涵的界定，攸關到視導推行應用的成敗，本文透過視導歷史發展脈絡，分析傳統視導面臨的挑戰，並提出視導發展的新趨勢─正向視導（positive supervision），著眼於目標分析（goal analysis）、探索優勢亮點及建構解決策略的能力涵養，探討正向視導不同於傳統問題導向視導（problem-focused supervision）之意涵及其應用架構。

Supervision has used widely in various fields of good development in recent years. In the area of education, instructional supervision, which focus on the professional development of teachers and improve teaching, to enhance the quality of student learning, has gradually been taken seriously. However, how the educational authorities, academics, supervisors, and supervisees define the meaning of supervision, determine the key to success or not. This paper analyzes the challenges of traditional supervision through the development of original history. It puts forward the new trend of supervision development - positive supervision, focuses on goal analysis, uncovers potential and increases the competencies by building solutions. It explores the implications of the positive supervision with different views of the problem-oriented supervision and its application architecture.