臺灣文化在世界文化中能扮演何種角色？─John W. Meyer新制度主義對臺灣教育與文化研究的啟示

What Kind of a Role Can Taiwanese Culture Play in the World Culture? —John W. Meyer’s New Institutionalism and Its Implications for the Research of Education and Culture in Taiwan

本研究以Meyer等人在德國出版的論文集裡幾篇新制度主義的基礎文獻作為探究的起點，介紹該研究取向的理論架構。首先描述和比較新、舊制度主義的異同；其次說明Meyer等人對「世界文化」、「世界社會」等術語的關聯與界定；第三，探究Meyer等人如何從與其他幾種新制度主義的研究取向之異同中，確立自身的取向和論述；第四，依循著Meyer等人的立論去瞭解驅動「世界政體」的社會單元；第五，歸納和詮釋Meyer新制度主義意義上的全球化機制。從Meyer等人的實證研究成果中可以看到，教育的研究與實踐可以被包含在「全球模式」的範疇裡，且臺灣的教育與文化研究在新制度主義的理論框架下能夠呈現出幾種不同的態度或樣貌。最後本研究指出，臺灣的教育學術有貢獻世界文化的潛力。

This paper begins with a review of several articles by Meyer and colleagues that have been translated and published in Germany. First, similarities and differences between the so called old and new institutionalism are described. Second, critical terms for new institutionalism such as ‘world culture’ and ‘world society’ are introduced and defined. Third, several kinds of new institutionalism are presented, so that Meyer’s approach can be seen more clearly. Fourth, there is a discussion of how social units within the ‘world culture’ and for a ‘world polity’ work in the understanding of the work of Meyer and colleagues. Next, the author summarizes and interprets the mechanisms of globalization within Meyer’s concept of new institutionalism. From the findings of their empirical studies, it can be seen that educational research and practice can be incorporated within a kind of ‘worldwide model’. In addition, several patterns or attitudes of educational or cultural research in Taiwan can be described using the framework of new institutionalism. Finally, the author notes that results of Taiwanese educational research are potentially able to make a contribution to world culture.