領導變項及其發展

Leader Variables and Its Development

領導者變項是領導模式的要素，但迄無相關研究。本研究討論其理論基礎和研究課題，提出定義、確認規準、分類架構和體系。結合文獻計量學和引用分析，檢索Google Scholar及其他資料庫，以多向搜尋－交叉確認法獲得203個領導者變項。分析發現Google Scholar資料可得變項多於其他資料庫，leader behavior、leader development、leader effectiveness、leader-member exchange最受重視，臺灣研究有探討變項豐富性低、探討變項集中化、探討時間較晚且較早停止等現象，整體以外在表現類和內在條件類變項最多而影響成果類者最少，能形成四個層次的變項階層體系，整個領導者變項發展經歷四個成長階段和兩個老化階段，呈現成長趨緩而老化加速的情形，另提出四種新變項衍生規則和跨類別變項差序衍生規律。

Leader variables are important components in leadership models, but less study concerned. This study discussed relative theoretical bases and research topics about leader variable, and proposed its definition, confirmed criteria, classification frame as well as whole variable system.Both of Bibliometrics and citation analysis were applied as research methods.202 leader variables were obtained by the multi-ways search and cross-verification method (MSCV) from Google Scholar database and others. The results showed that Google Scholar database found variables more than other databases. In addition, leader behavior, leader development, leader effectiveness and leader-member exchange were all popular, but others were cited a little. Taiwan studies about leader variables have showed some interesting phenomenon includes lower richness in studying variables, studying concentrate in few variables, the beginning of exploring more slowly, and the stopping of exploring more fast. All leader variables classified to external performance and internal condition were most, on the other hand, these belonged to influence outcome were least.Moreover the development of whole variables could illustrate by four growing periods and two fading periods. Four derived rules to generate new leader variables and a differential derived phenomenon in generating cross-category variables were also provided.